Residence Permit Guide for Foreigners in Turkey

Fener Hukuk
Dec 4, 2024
5 min read

Turkey, with its geographical location, economic opportunities, and cultural richness, attracts significant interest from foreigners. However, it is legally mandatory for foreigners who wish to stay in Turkey for more than 90 days to obtain a residence permit. This article outlines the process, application requirements, and key considerations for obtaining a residence permit in Turkey.

What is a Residence Permit, and Why is it Necessary?

A residence permit is an official document that allows foreigners to legally stay in Turkey. It regulates the duration of their stay, ensures public order and security, and organizes access to healthcare and social services. The residence permit process is governed by the Law on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP) and supervised by the Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM).

Foreigners staying in Turkey without a residence permit may face administrative fines, deportation, or entry bans.

Types of Residence Permits

There are six different types of residence permits based on the purpose of a foreigner's stay in Turkey:

Short-Term Residence Permit

Issued for purposes such as scientific research, tourism, commerce, learning Turkish, medical treatment, or purchasing property. The duration is typically 1-2 years.
Long-Term Residence Permit

Granted to foreigners who have legally resided in Turkey for at least eight consecutive years, have not received social aid, and have a stable income. This permit is indefinite, exempts the holder from fees, and provides access to numerous social rights.
Family Residence Permit

Issued to the foreign spouses and children of Turkish citizens, lawful residence permit holders, or refugees. It typically does not exceed three years.
Student Residence Permit

Granted to foreigners studying in Turkey, valid for the duration of their education. It applies to all levels, from primary school to higher education.
Humanitarian Residence Permit

An exceptional permit issued under extraordinary circumstances or for humanitarian reasons, such as protecting the best interest of a child.
Residence Permit for Victims of Human Trafficking

Issued to foreigners identified as victims or potential victims of human trafficking. The duration is generally 30 days and can be extended in 6-month increments.

Application Process

1. Online Application through the e-Residence System

Foreigners must apply through the e-Residence System to schedule an appointment. The type of application determines the required documents. The appointment date generated through the system is the date for an in-person interview at the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management.

2. Document Submission and Evaluation

On the appointment day, applicants must submit the necessary documents to the Directorate of Migration Management. Applications are generally processed within 90 days. If the application is rejected, the applicant may file an administrative appeal or initiate a cancellation lawsuit.

Required Documents

Although specific documents vary depending on the type of residence permit, the following are generally required:

Passport or equivalent document with a notarized Turkish translation
4 biometric photographs
Valid health insurance covering the stay period
Proof of financial means (e.g., bank statements, salary slips)
Proof of address in Turkey (rental agreement, property deed, etc.)
Application form

Conditions for Each Permit Type

Short-Term Residence Permit:

Foreigners may apply for this permit for purposes such as scientific research, tourism, commerce, or education. For example, those receiving medical treatment must provide documentation from the hospital. Foreigners purchasing property must ensure the property is residential and meets specific valuation thresholds.
Long-Term Residence Permit:

Foreigners must have resided in Turkey continuously for at least eight years without interruptions, refrained from receiving social assistance in the last three years, and have stable income and health insurance.
Family Residence Permit:

The sponsor's income must not be less than one-third of the minimum wage per family member. Additionally, family members must be covered by health insurance.
Student Residence Permit:

Students must provide proof of active enrollment. For primary and secondary school students, consent from parents or legal guardians is required.
Humanitarian Residence Permit:

Granted under special circumstances, such as protecting the best interests of a child or cases where deportation is not possible.

Rejection and Cancellation of Residence Permits

A residence permit application may be rejected or canceled in the following cases:

Incomplete or incorrect documents
Threat to public order or security
Using the permit for purposes other than its intended use
Being subject to an entry ban or deportation order

Rejected applicants can file an administrative appeal within 60 days or bring the matter to an administrative court.

Residence Permit Durations and Extensions

The duration of residence permits varies based on the type:

Short-Term Residence Permit: Up to 2 years
Long-Term Residence Permit: Indefinite
Family Residence Permit: Up to 3 years
Student Residence Permit: Valid for the duration of education
Humanitarian Residence Permit: Valid for 1 year, extendable
Residence Permit for Victims of Human Trafficking: Up to 3 years

Applications for extensions must be submitted at least 60 days before the permit expires.

Conclusion

Obtaining a residence permit in Turkey is crucial for foreigners to protect their legal rights and comply with local regulations. The process requires careful management and complete documentation. Seeking legal advice can ensure a smooth and efficient application process.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How do I get a residence permit in Turkey?

To obtain a residence permit, you must apply through the e-Residence System and schedule an appointment. On the appointment date, you need to submit the required documents in person to the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management.

Is it hard to get residency in Turkey?

It is not difficult, but the process requires submitting accurate and complete documents. Missing or incorrect documents may result in rejection.

What are the conditions for residence permits in Turkey?

Conditions vary by permit type:

Short-Term Residence Permit: For tourism, scientific research, or purchasing property.
Long-Term Residence Permit: Requires 8 years of uninterrupted legal residence in Turkey.
Family Residence Permit: The sponsor must have sufficient income and health insurance. Specific documentation is needed depending on the permit type.

Can I get residency in Turkey if I buy a house?

Yes, purchasing a property allows you to apply for a short-term residence permit. The property must be residential and meet specific valuation thresholds.

How long can you stay in Turkey without a residence permit?

You can stay for up to 90 days within a 180-day period as a tourist. Staying longer requires a residence permit.

How long does a residence permit last?

The validity depends on the type of permit:

Short-Term: Up to 2 years
Long-Term: Indefinite
Family: Up to 3 years
Student: Valid for the duration of education
Humanitarian: 1 year, extendable
Victims of Human Trafficking: Up to 3 years

Can a British citizen live in Turkey?

Yes, British citizens can apply for various types of residence permits depending on their purpose, such as purchasing property, working, or studying.

Can a UK citizen retire to Turkey?

Yes, UK citizens can retire to Turkey by applying for a residence permit. They must meet financial and documentation requirements.

What are the new rules for residency in Turkey?

For specific types of residence permits, new rules may apply. For example, property owners must meet valuation thresholds, and applicants must provide valid health insurance and proof of financial means.

How can I get permanent residency in Turkey?

To apply for a Long-Term Residence Permit, you must have legally resided in Turkey for at least 8 years, not received social aid in the past 3 years, and have a stable income.